Gullain-Barre syndrome hits Kolkata, two children hospitalized with critical symptoms

Two children in Kolkata have been diagnosed with Gullain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), a rare and serious neurological disorder, and are currently receiving treatment at the Institute of Child Health. The first child, a seven-year-old from Joynagar in South 24 Parganas, has been in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for the past 25 days. The second child, an eight-year-old from Baguiati in North 24 Parganas, has been undergoing treatment in the PICU for 12 days. Both children were brought to the hospital after developing symptoms of muscle weakness, numbness in their hands and feet, and other signs of neurological impairment.

GBS is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system, disrupting the normal functioning of nerves. The symptoms of GBS can range from mild muscle weakness to severe paralysis, with the potential for respiratory failure in extreme cases. The condition often follows an infection, with viral infections such as gastroenteritis and respiratory illnesses being common triggers. However, in some cases, the exact cause of GBS is unknown. The disorder typically develops over a period of days or weeks, and symptoms often include weakness or numbness in the extremities, progressing to more widespread paralysis.

In the cases of these two children, doctors began monitoring their condition as the weakness in their limbs worsened. The children were diagnosed after a series of tests, including nerve conduction studies and lumbar puncture, which confirmed the presence of GBS. The medical team, led by Dr. Prabhas Giri, has initiated treatment protocols, including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, which is commonly used to treat GBS by suppressing the immune response. Both children are being closely monitored in the PICU and are receiving supportive care, including respiratory monitoring, to ensure their condition does not deteriorate further.

GBS primarily affects the peripheral nervous system, with symptoms usually starting in the lower limbs and progressing upward. In severe cases, it can lead to complete paralysis of the body, including the diaphragm, which can impair breathing. The condition can be life-threatening without prompt treatment. While GBS is rare, it has been reported in various regions across India, including recent clusters in Maharashtra. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes, and with timely care, many patients recover. Doctors have emphasized the importance of early medical intervention, especially if children show symptoms such as weakness or numbness in their limbs.

Both children are currently stable and responding to treatment. The medical team is hopeful that, with continued care, they will recover fully. However, given the unpredictable nature of GBS, the children will require ongoing observation to assess their recovery progress. While GBS can be severe, early treatment and appropriate care increase the likelihood of recovery and reduce the risk of long-term complications.